Asam Folat: Peran dalam Metabolisme dan Metode Pemeriksaan

Subandrate Subandrate✉, Medina Athiah, Safyudin Safyudin, Ella Amalia, Irsan Saleh, Hermansyah Hermansyah, Dwirini Retno Gunarti
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/mka.v45.i1.p51-62.2022

Abstract

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui peran asam folat dalam metabolisme dan metode pemeriksaan asam folat serum. Metode: Artikel ini dibuat dengan mengumpulkan sumber rujukan dari Sinta, Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan ScienceDirect.  Artikel-artikel yang berisi mengenai asam folat (folic acid) atau folat (folate) dan metode pemeriksaan  asam folat (folate detection method, folate analysis method) tahun 2005-2020 dikumpulkan kemudian dibahas dan ditarik kesimpulan secara umum. Hasil: Bentuk aktif asam folat, tetrahidrofolat, berperan dalam metabolisme purin, pirimidin (timin), dan metionin dengan cara mendonorkan unit satu karbon (metil, metilen, metenil, formimino atau formil). Kadar asam folat serum normal adalah 6-20 ng/ml. Beberapa metode digunakan untuk memeriksa kadar asam folat serum yakni mikrobiologi, HPLC dan protein binding assay. Metode mikrobiologi merupakan baku emas, tetapi membutuhkan waktu yang lama, mudah terkontaminasi dan perlu tenaga mikrobiologi khusus.  Metode HPLC memberikan hasil yang lebih cepat, tetapi mahal dan kurang sensitif. Metode protein binding assay merupakan metode baru yang menggunakan protein ikat folat. Metode ini memiliki sensitivitas dan spesifisitas yang baik. Kekurangan pada metode ini adalah penyimpanan reagen dan kalibrasi. Kesimpulan: Asam folat dibutuhkan dalam metabolisme nukleotida dan asam amino. Metode pemeriksaan asam folat diharapkan dapat dikembangkan untuk pemeriksaan asam folat yang lebih sederhana, murah dan cepat.

Keywords

Asam folat; HPLC; metabolisme; mikrobiologi; protein binding assay

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