Karakteristik Laboratorium Inkompatibilitas ABO Pada Neonatus di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Dian Jenova, Zelly Dia Rofinda✉, Husni Husni
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/mka.v44.i5.p307-315.2021

Abstract

Inkompatibilitas ABO terjadi 12% (15-20%) kehamilan terutama pada neonatus golongan darah A/B dari ibu golongan darah O-positif. Gejala klinis inkompatibilitas ABO bervariasi. Anemia dilaporkan jarang terjadi dan bersifat ringan. Hiperbilirubinemia adalah gejala klinis yang sering. Berbagai kelainan ini dideteksi melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium. Metode: Rancangan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan potong-lintang. Penelitian melibatkan 116 neonatus dari ibu golongan darah O-positif. Pemeriksaan golongan darah, Coomb’s-test, dan hematologi menggunakan sampel darah EDTA. Pemeriksaan bilirubin menggunakan sampel serum. Data demografi dan klinis dari rekam medis. Data ditampilkan dalam tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Inkompatibilitas ABO didapatkan 58(50%) neonatus. Inkompatibilitas AO dan BO masing-masing 46,6% dan 53,4%. Coomb’s-test positif 58,7% kasus: 32,8% 1+positif, dan 25,9% 2+positif. Rerata parameter hematologi: kadar hemoglobin 15,5+2g/dL, hematokrit 46+7%, hitung eritrosit 4,4+0,7x106/µL, dan retikulosit absolut 243.440+115.875/µL. Rerata kadar bilirubin total serum 12,5+3,7mg/dL, bilirubin direct 0,5+0,2mg/dL, dan bilirubin indirect 11,9+4mg/dL. Kesimpulan: Konfirmasi laboratorium diperlukan pada inkompatibilitas ABO untuk deteksi berbagai kelainan yang dapat terjadi.

Keywords

ABO incompatibility, Coomb's test, anaemia, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatus

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