Identifikasi virus herpes simpleks pada anak dengan ensefalitis: sebuah studi pendahuluan
Abstract
Ensefalitis Herpes simpleks merupakan salah satu penyebab infeksi virus yang paling berat pada otak manusia. Tanpa terapi yang adekuat mortalitas mencapai 70% dan sebagian besar dari pasien yang bertahan hidup akan menderita sekuele neurologis berat. Data tentang prevalensi dan proporsi Herpes simpleks ensefalitis pada anak di Indonesia belum tersedia. Tujuan: Untuk menentukan proporsi ensefalitis Herpes simpleks pada anak dengan ensefalitis di RSUP M. Djamil Padang. Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan di Instalasi Rawat Inap Anak RSUP M. DJamil Padang dari bulan Agustus hingga Desember 2016. Ensefalitis didefinisikan menurut konsensus International Encephalitis Consortium. Variabel yang dicatat meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, manifestasi klinis, dan luaran. Subjek dikatakan menderita ensefalitis Herpes simpleks bila hasil pemeriksaan polymerase chain reaction Herpes simpleks pada cairan serebro spinal memberikan hasil positif. Sebanyak empat belas orang anak memenuhi kriteria inklusi selama periode penelitian. Hasil: Manifestasi klinis yang paling sering ditemukan adalah demam, kejang, dan penurunan kesadaran. Sebagian besar subjek pulang dengan sekuele. Tidak ada virus Herpes simpleks yang ditemukan pada pemeriksaan PCR terhadap cairan serebrospinal. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada ensefalitis Herpes simpleks yang teridentifikasi pada penelitian ini. Dibutuhkan studi lebih lanjut dengan subjek yang lebih besar dan periode penelitian yang lebih panjang untuk mendapatkan gambaran besarnya masalah ensefalitis Herpes simpleks pada anak di Indonesia.
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