Pencegahan nyeri kronis pasca operasi

Endy Suseno✉
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22338/mka.v40.i1.p40-51.2017

Abstract

Nyeri kronis pasca operasi merupakan salah satu nyeri kronis yang paling sering terjadi. Nyeri kronis tersebut memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan mental, kualitas hidup, dan perekonomian masyarakat. Penyebab dari nyeri kronis pasca operasi belum diketahui secara pasti, tetapi diduga bahwa perubahan plastisitas pada sistem saraf pusat berkontribusi dalam terjadinya nyeri kronis. Pencegahan terjadinya nyeri kronis pasca operasi dapat ditempuh dengan beberapa cara yang bertujuan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya sensitisasi pusat di sistem saraf pusat yang mengakibatkan nyeri kronis. Cara yang ditempuh dalam pencegahan nyeri kronis pasca operasi dengan mempertimbangkan faktor psikososial, pemilihan teknik operasi yang dapat meminimalisir kerusakan saraf perifer, pemilihan teknik anestesi, dan penggunaan preemptive analgesia. Dalam penulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai patofisiologi nyeri kronis pasca operasi, cara yang ditempuh untuk mencegah terjadinya nyeri kronis pasca operasi, dan perlunya mempertimbangkan faktor psikososial selain intervensi farmakologis sebagai bagian dari pendekatan holistik dari penatalaksanaan perioperatif untuk mencegah nyeri kronis pasca operasi.

Keywords

pencegahan; nyeri kronis; pasca operasi

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